London: A comprehensive review has shown that paracetamol in pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of children developing autism or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
The research, published in the British Medical Journal, has analysed previous scientific studies and concluded that there is no reliable evidence of a causal connection.
The review was fast-tracked after the US admin istration under President Donald Trump urged pregnant women to avoid paracetamol, claiming it contributed to higher autism rates. Speaking at the White House in September, Trump said that women should consult their doctors about limiting the use of the common painkiller, also known as acetaminophen or Tylenol.
Researchers found that while autism diagnoses have risen over recent decades, this trend is largely attributed to improved awareness, better diagnostic tools, and broader criteria used by doctors. The umbrella review examined nine systematic reviews, which included 40 observational studies on paracetamol use in pregnancy and related neurodevelopmental conditions in children.
According to the authors, most of the previous studies were of ‘low to critically low’ quality, and any apparent connection between the drug and autism or ADHD was likely explained by genetics or other environmental factors. Only one review properly accounted for shared family influences such as parental health and genetics.
Professor Shakila Thangaratinam, senior author of the study from the University of Liverpool, said that the existing evidence does not support a link between paracetamol in pregnancy and these conditions. Thangaratinam said that pregnant women should not avoid the medication when required for fever or pain, as untreated high temperature could harm the unborn baby.
The findings have provided reassurance to expectant mothers who may have felt guilt or fear over using paracetamol. Thangaratinam said that women should not believe their child’s autism or ADHD was caused by taking the medication, as there is no evidence to support that concern.
Overall, the review has reaffirmed medical consensus that paracetamol is safe for use during pregnancy when taken in appropriate doses, and that its benefits far outweigh unproven risks.
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