England: Menopause may be associated with changes in the brain similar to those seen in Alzheimer’s disease, according to a large-scale study from the United Kingdom involving nearly 125,000 women.
Researchers found that loss of grey matter in key brain regions linked to memory and emotional regulation could help explain why women are generally at higher risk of dementia than men. The study, published in the journal Psychological Medicine, analysed data from around 125,000 women, including more than 11,000 who underwent MRI brain scans.
The findings showed structural changes in areas commonly affected by Alzheimer’s disease, including the hippocampus, which plays a central role in learning and memory; the entorhinal cortex, essential for forming memories and spatial navigation; and the anterior cingulate cortex, which supports attention and emotional regulation.
Professor Barbara Sahakian of the University of Cambridge, the study’s senior author, said the results point to a potential biological link between menopause and later-life vulnerability to dementia. Sahakian remarked that, “The brain regions where we saw these differences tend to be affected by Alzheimer’s disease. Menopause could make these women vulnerable further down the line. While it is not the whole story, it may help explain why we see almost twice as many cases of dementia in women than in men.”
The study also examined the impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and found that its use did not appear to prevent the observed grey matter loss. Researchers noted that women using HRT were more likely to report poor mental health, although many had existing mental health challenges before starting the treatment.
Dr. Christelle Langley, one of the co-researchers, stressed the importance of recognising the psychological impact of menopause. Dr. Christelle Langley remarked that, “We need to be more sensitive not only to the physical effects, but also to the mental health challenges women may experience during menopause. There should be no embarrassment in speaking openly and asking for support.”
Michelle Dyson from the Alzheimer’s Society highlighted that women account for around two-thirds of people living with Alzheimer’s disease in the UK. While hormonal changes are believed to play a role, she cautioned that more long-term research is needed. Michelle Dyson explained that, “This study adds to evidence showing how menopause can affect the brain, including changes in brain volume. However, without tracking participants over time, we cannot confirm whether these changes directly increase the risk of dementia.”
Experts continue to recommend lifestyle measures such as regular exercise, not smoking, and limiting alcohol intake as effective ways to reduce the overall risk of dementia.
TRENDING | At least 15 dead after ferry sinks off southern Philippines
